Volume 6 Issue 2, July - December 2021

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Due to high antibiotic resistance and the ability to develop new resistance during antibiotic treatment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is difficult to eradicate because the physical treatment becomes difficult and ineffective. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains at two different hospital in Makassar. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study from March to May 2021. The research samples were taken from the results of culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted at two different hospital, Hasanuddin University Hospital and Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital for the period January 1 to September 30, 2019. A total of 84 samples were cultured and tested for antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was best with aminoglycoside antibiotics, gentamicin (100%) at Hasanuddin University Hospital and amikacin (95.8%) at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. At Hasanuddin University Hospital followed by antibiotics amikacin (92.3%) and meropenem (84.6%). At Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed good sensitivity to gentamicin (91.5%) and meropenem (77.5%). The sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lowest to piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusions:  This study shows that the level of effectiveness of the antibiotics meropenem, amikacin and gentamicin is high enough and it can be used as a treatment option in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. This study can help as a reference to prevent mortality and morbidity associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common disorders in children which may lead to upper airway obstruction. Various modalities to measure airway obstruction in patients with adenoid hypertrophy, including true lateral radiographs, nasoendoscopy, and rhinomanometry are available; however, the results from different studies are still controversial. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the results of rhinomanometry and the true lateral radiographs to the degree of upper airway obstruction in patients with adenoid hypertrophy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 33 patients with adenoid hypertrophy aged 5-18 years using a purposive sampling technique. Patients diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy were subjected to a true lateral examination using lateral neck radiographs to measure the degree of airway obstruction. Subsequently, an active anterior rhinomanometry was performed by measuring resistance and nasal airflow and then measuring the degree of airway obstruction. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square test. Results: The rhinomanometric nasal resistance in the inspiratory phase was 0.4159 ± 0.15201 Pa/cm3/s and 0.3694 ± 0.13717 Pa/cm3/s in the expiration phase. The results showed a significant relationship between the true lateral radiographs and both nasal inspiratory (p=0.005) and expiratory resistance (p=0.004). Similarly, the relationship between the true lateral radiographs and nasal airflow on both inspiratory and expiratory rhinomanometry was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rhinomanometric measurements can be used as an additional objective examination in assessing the degree of upper airway obstruction in patients with adenoid hypertrophy prior to surgery.

Introduction: To observe the relation between Interleukin-1β with exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods:  This study was designed for a cross-sectional study. 65 acute exacerbation COPD patients were selected. The serum level of Interleukin-1β was recorded. Results:  Most of the subjects are men (95,4%), moderate smokers (41,5%), normal BMI (61,5%), more than 60 years old (73,8%), have more than 2 exacerbations in a year (67%), severe airway obstruction (41,5%) and mostly in group D (80%). The mean level of Interleukin-1β was 1.63 pg/ml range from 0,009-17,62 pg/ml. Kruskal Wallis analysis test noticed significant differentiation mean serum level of Interleukin-1β in several groups of GOLD. p<0,05. There was no correlation between serum level of IL-1β with the severity of airway obstruction (GOLD) p>0.05. Conclusions: there was no correlation between the severity of airway obstruction with serum level of IL-1β in acute exacerbation of COPD. there was a vicious trend of increasing IL-1β serum level according to the severity of airway obstruction mainly seen in GOLD 2, GOLD 3, and GOLD 4.

Introduction. Lung cancer is the type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) consists of non-squamous and squamous. Non-small cell lung cancer of non squamous types consist of adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Currently, lung cancer therapy is highly developed of chemotherapeutic agents to targeted therapy especially EGFR-TKI. This study aims to assess the survival rate of NSCLC patients who receive first line chemotherapy and those who recieve EGFR-TKI therapy at Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Methods. This study is a retrospective study between 2017 to 2019 from the medical records of NSCLC patients who receive first-line chemotherapy and thise who recieve EGFR-TKI. Patients with platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI with gefitinib therapy 1x250 mg/day or erlotinib 1x150mg/day and or afatinib 1x40 mg/day. Survival rate assessed from start to erect the diagnosis until the patient dies or when the  study is     discontinued. Result. From 239 subject of NSCLC patients consisted of 135 patients who receive first-line chemotherapy, and 104 patients are treate with EGFR-TKI. Based on the characteristics of the patients, most are more than 40 years old (chemotherapy 124 (91.9%) and EGFR-TKI 101 (97.1%) with the male gender that dominates (chemotherapy 98 (72.6%), EGFR-TKI 64 (61.5%). Smoking patients who received first-line chemotherapy are 65.2% and 61.5% of EGFR-TKIs with chemotherapy highest IB (severe IB 28.9%) and for EGFR-TKI (moderate IB are 26.9%). 73.2% of adenocarcinoma histology type with a predominance of stage IV 86.6% (83.7% for chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI 90.4%). Survival rate of patients are 98,7% for 6 months survival, 1 year survival rate is 94.1% and 2 years survival rate of 24.3%. Median survival patients who receiving EGFR-TKI longer than they received first- line chemotherapy (21 months versus 20 months). The 18 months PFS showed that patients treated with EGFR-TKI were 15 months, while patients receiving chemotherapy was 11 months. (P 0.000). Conclusion. Survival rates in NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI therapy had significantly the highest survival rates compared with all other chemotherapy. Progression was faster in patients with first-line chemotherapy than EGFR-TKI. The factors that most influence the survival rate is type of therapy with p value<0.05.