Pola Distribusi Temporal Struktur Ukuran dan Jenis Kelamin Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Sekitar Hutan Mangrove Selat Tiworo, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
Abstract
Perikanan rajungan di Sulawesi Tenggara dikenal sejak 3 dekade lalu. Organisme ini dieksploitasiintensif sejak 1 dekade terakhir karena harganya sangat tinggi. Populasinya menjurus pada overeksploiasi yang ditunjukan antara lain ukuran lebar karapas (LK) semakin kecil (< 6.0 cm) danjumlah rajungan betina semakin berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui poladistribusi struktur ukuran LK setiap jenis kelamin dan sex rasio rajungan di perairan sekitar hutanmangrove. Sample rajungan diperoleh setiap bulan menggunakan alat tangkap bubu. Sample yangdiperoleh diidentifikasi jenis kelaminnya, diukur LKnya menggunakan caliper (0.1 cm) danditimbang bobot tubuhnya menggunakan elektonic balance (1 g). Data yang diperolehdikelompokan dan dihitung menurut jenis kelamin dan stuktur ukuran LK, yaitu LK < 6.0 cm(juvenile), 6.0 – 8.9 cm (remaja), dan > 9.0 cm (dewasa). Signifikansi sex rasio diuji menggunakanChi-square (α = 0.05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan rajungan LK < 6.0 jantan dan betina terbanyakpada Juli, kemudian menurun dan berfluktuasi hingga Desember. Sebaliknya, rajungan jantan danbetina LK 6.0 – 8.9 cm dan LK > 9.0 cm mempunyai pola fluktuasi distribusi relatif sama, kecualirajungan betina meningkat pada Oktober kemudian menurun drastis pada November danDesember. Sex rasio jantan dan betina umumnya tidak seimbang (jantan < betina), terutama padabulan Juli, Agustus, Oktober, dan Desember. Penelitian ini menunjukan kelimpahan rajungan LK6.0 – 8.9 cm lebih dominan dibandingkan juvenile dan dewasa. Implikasi data ini menjelaskanbahwa perairan di dekat hutan mangrove disenangi rajungan juvenile dan remaja. Diperkirakansetelah mencapai ukuran dewasa, rajungan remaja tersebut akan menuju ke perairan laut dalam.Kata kunci: distribusi temporal, struktur ukuran, sex rasio, Portunus pelagicus.Downloads
References
Basri, M.I., 2016. Aspects of biology reproductive as a basis of blue swimming crab
(Portunus pelagicus , Linn 1758) management in Toronipa waters, Konawe. MS.
Thesis, Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
de Lestang S., Hall N. G., Potter I. C., 2003b Reproductive biology of the blue swimmer
crab (Portunus pelagicus, Decapoda: Portunidae) in five bodies of water on the
west coast of Australia. Fishery Bulletin 101:745-757.
Fauzi, M.J., Gaffar1, A., Erdyanto, B., Dhewang, I. B., Arafat, M.A., Akmalia, D. A.,
Ditama, D. V., Sihombing, E., Ramadhanty, N. R., Amelia, N. R., Silalahi, N.,
Djaruu, P. A., Prasetyo, A., Putra, A. A. S., Munazir, A., Mollen, A. P., Syahida,
C. J., Angela, C., Adilwiweko, D., Ramadhan, D., Yulita, E., Putri, F. H., Setiawan,
F., Ramadhan, I., Setiawan, J. F., Yuana, L. A., Soa, M., Syahputeri, N., Budiarti,
N. L., Ulfah, N., Atika, N., Setiawan, R., Rahman, R. I., Diosand, R. S., Amirulloh,
S. H., Andari, S., Qurani, S. M., Diningrum, T. D. B., Arini, W. D., Tadeo, W.,
Afranisa, Z., Maulita, M. Irawan, H., Suharti, R., Rahardjo, P., Suyasa, I. N.,
Rachmad, B., dan Triyono, H. 2018. Pendugaan Growth Overfishing Rajungan
(Portunnus pelagicus) di Teluk Banten. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 8(1): 96 -
Hajjej, G., Sley, A., and Jarboui, O. 2016. Morphometrics and length-weight relationship
in the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the gulf
of Gabes, Tunisia. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
(12): 10 – 16.
Hermanto, D. T., Sulistiono, Riani, E. 2019. Studi Beberapa Aspek Reproduksi Rajungan
(Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Mayangan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat.
Biospecies, 12 (1): 1 – 10.
Jayawiguna, M. H., Mulyono, M., Nugraha, E., Prayitno, H. and Basith, A. 2017. Biology
Aspect of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) In Jakarta Bay Waters,
Indonesia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11(13): 63 - 67
Kumar M., Ferguson G., Xiao Y., Hooper G., Venema S., 2000 Studies on reproductive
biology and distribution of the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) in South
Australian waters. South Australian Research and Development Institution
(SARDI), Australia, 35 pp.
La Sara. 2001. Ecology and fisheries of mud crab Scylla serrata in Lawele Bay, Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia. PhD Dissertation, University of the Philippines in the
Visayas, 198 pp.
La Sara, J.A. Ingles, R.B. Baldevarona, R.O. Aguilar, L.V. Laureta and S. Watanabe.
Reproductive Biology of Mud Crab Scylla serrata in Lawele Bay, Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Crustacean Fisheries: 88 - 95.
La Sara, 2010. Study on the size structure and population parameters of mud crab Scylla
serrata in Lawele Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Coastal
Development 13(2):133-147.
La Sara, W.H. Muskita and O. Astuti, 2014b. Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
fisheries management design to sustain its population and to increase fishermen
income in Southeast Sulawesi waters of Indonesia. Research Report, Part I: Habitat
Characteristics and Relative Abundance of Blue Swimming Crab, Research and
Community Services Institution, Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
La Sara and Astuti O., 2015 [Harvest control rule for blue swimming crab (Portunus
pelagicus) in Southeast Sulawesi waters]. Proceeding of the 2nd Fishery and
Marine National Symposium, pp. 263-270. [in Indonesian]
La Sara, W.H. Muskita and O. Astuti, 2015. Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
fisheries management design to sustain its population and to increase fishermen
income in Southeast Sulawesi waters of Indonesia. Research Report Part II: Marine
Protected Area and Collapsible Crap Pots Design for Blue Swimming Crab,
Research and Community Services Institution, Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
La Sara, Halili, Mustafa A., Bahtiar, 2016a. Appropriate escape vent sizes on collapsible
crab pot for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery in southeast
Sulawesi waters, Indonesia. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, DOI:
3923/jfas.2016.
La Sara, Muskita W. H., Astuti O., Safilu, 2016b. The reproductive biology of blue
swimming crab Portunuspelagicus in Southeast Sulawesi waters, Indonesia.
AACL Bioflux 9(5):1101-1112.
La Sara, Muskita W. H., Astuti O., Safilu, 2016c Effort in harvest control for blue
swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Paper
presented in the Crustacean Society Mid-Year Meeting 2016, National University
of Singapore, Singapore, 11-13 July 2016.
La Sara, Muskita W. H., Astuti O., Safilu, 2017 Some population parameters of blue
swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Southeast Sulawesi waters, Indonesia.
AACL Bioflux 10(3): 587 – 601.
La Sara, Astuti, O., Muzuni and Safilu. 2019 (in processing). Status of blue swimming
crab (Portunus pelagicus) population in Southeast Sulawesi waters, Indonesia
Muchtar, A.S., 2016. Some population patrameters of blue swimming crab (Portunus
pelagicus , Linn 1758) population parameters in Toronipa waters, Konawe. MS.
Thesis, Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
Muskita, W.H., La Sara and O. Astuti, 2015. Mapping of fishing ground and fishery
characteristics of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus ) in Tiworo Strait,
Southeast Sulawesi. Research Report, Research and Community Services
Institution, Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
Nurdin, M. S., Ali,S. A. and Satari, D. Y. 2016. Sex Ratio and Size at First Maturity of
Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) at Salemo Island, South Sulawesi. Ilmu
Kelautan, 21(1): 17 – 22.
Permatahati, Y.I., 2016. Biology reproductive and ecology of blue swimming crab
(Portunus pelagicus) in Bungin Permai waters, Southeast Sulawesi. MS. Thesis,
Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
Sudjana, 1989. Metode Statistika. Tarsito, Bandung, 508 pp.
Sukumaran, K. K. and Neelekantan, B. 1997. Sex ratio, fecundity and reproductive
potential in two marine portunid crabs, Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus
(Herbst) Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus (Linnaeus) along the Karnataka Coast.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 26: 43 – 48.
Svane, I. and G. E. Hooper, 2004. Blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery.
Fishery Assessment Report to PIRSA for the Blue Crab Fishery Management
Committee. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic
Sciences), Adelaide RO03/027402.
Tureli, C. and Yurt, Y. I. 2018. Reproductive biology of blue swimming crab, Portunus
segnis (Forskal, 1775) in Yumurtalık Cove, Northeastern Mediterranean, Turkey.
Mediterranean
Marine
Science,
(3):
-432.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.13789.
Xiao Y., Kumar M., 2004 Sex ratio and probability of sexual maturity of females at size
of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, off Southern Australia.
Fisheries Research 68:271 - 282.
