PERENNIAL

The Shear Bond and Bending Strength of Laminated Wood From Pine Wood (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vr.,) and Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Glued With Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF)

IRVIN DAYADI — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Laminated wood's strength properties are influenced by the arrangement of each layers. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in layers of laminated wood to the shear bond strength, modulus of elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR) of laminated wood from Pine (P) and Sengon (S) wood using melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive (MUF). Laminated wood is tested using German standards DIN (Deutsches Intitut fur Normung), JAS 234-2007 and SNI 7973-2013. The data testing from 6 layer variation treatments were analyzed of variance in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 replications. The highest average value of shear bond strength for laminated wood in treatment G2 (Sengon-Sengon) was 6.17 N/mm² which met the JAS 234-2007 standard (>5.4 N/mm²) while treatment G3 (Pine-Sengon) was 4.04 N/mm² and G1 (Pine-Pine) of 2.78 N/mm² cannot meet the standard. The highest average MoE was at A5 (P-S-S-P-P) at 8584.27 N/mm² and the lowest at A3 (P-S-P) at 6210.99 N/mm² included quality codes E8 and E6 in the SNI 7973-2013 Standard. The highest average MoR was at A4 (P-S-S-S-P) at 73.23 N/mm² and the lowest at A5 (P-S-S-P-P) at 61.98 N/mm², all treatments included quality code E25 (>25 N/mm²) and could meet JAS 234-2007 Standards (>36.0 N/mm²). The laminated wood in this study based on MoR is included to the strength class III – II and located between the strength class of Pine wood (strength class II) and Sengon wood (strength class III).

Changes in Land Cover and Mangrove Vegetation Density in Siantan District, Mempawah Regency

Siti Puji Lestariningsih Puji, Destiana, Erisa Ayu Waspadi Putri — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the mangrove forests in Mempawah Regency is located in Siantan District. Mangrove forests have ecological, social, and economic functions to support the lives of living things that live around them. The extent and density of mangrove vegetation are essential parameters to determine the condition of mangroves in Siantan District to recommend rehabilitation that needs to be pursued. Data were collected from Landsat 7 images in 2010 and Landsat 8 images in 2021 with guided classification and visual interpretation to obtain a map of changes in mangrove land cover in 2010-2021. Vegetation density was obtained through Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis, divided into five density classes: very dense, dense, medium, sparse, and unvegetated. This study found that the secondary mangrove forests in Kecamatan Siantan decreased by 176.35 hectares during 2010-2021, turning into shrubs, open land, and plantations, especially in former pond areas. The most extensive deforestation turned 107.18 hectares of secondary mangrove forest into shrubs. Reforestation occurred during 2010-2021 amounted to 123.55 hectares. Natural or artificial bare land turned into 71.44 hectares of mangrove ecosystem. In 2010, the dense class dominated the mangrove forest density (60.03%) but decreased in 2021 (14.9%). A sparse class of density was not detected in 2010, but in 2021, the area of sparse density was 148.53 hectares, composed of shrubs and coconut plantations.

Design and Construction of a Wood Powder Press Machine For Making Particle Board as a Supporting Means For Practical Activities

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research activity studies the design of particle board press machines using iron plate materials and manual labor-based hydraulic presses. This research aims to produce a work tool that can facilitate the continuity of processing sawdust into particle boards so that practical activities can be carried out effectively and efficiently while still paying attention to the values determined in the practicum. The research method is carried out using the study of existing tools and will be made another tool with more straightforward work by analyzing the factors of weakness in existing tools. The working mechanism of the sawdust press machine to be made is manual, using human power, and the sawdust press machine is intended for practical student activities in the laboratory.

Mapping and Waste Management Analysis in The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Mandalika, NTB

andi tri lestari, Hairil Anwar, Maiser Syaputra — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the main tourist destinations in NTB Province currently is the Mandalika area, part of the Central Lombok region. This area is designated a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) based on PP Number 52 of 2014. Tourist visits increased drastically at the 2021 World Superbike (WSBK) event, and it is assumed that this will grow at the upcoming 2022 MotoGP event. An increase in the number of tourists has a positive and negative impact on the environment, along with increasing waste production. This research analyzed waste generation, composition, and effective waste management in the Mandalika SEZ. Analysis of waste production and composition will be carried out by referring to SNI 19-3964-1994 regarding methods for collecting and measuring samples of urban waste production and composition while analyzing waste management in the Mandalika SEZ, which was carried out by interview. The research results show that the average waste production in the Mandalika SEZ is 58.16 kg/Day. The most dominant waste composition is organic waste originating from food scraps, with an average of 39.56 kg/day, followed by the amount of plastic waste with an average of 16.41 kg/day. The smallest amount of waste at the research location is paper waste, with an average of 0.48 kg/day, and other waste is used diapers, with an average of 1.71 kg/day. The Waste Management Model shows that the average waste produced at the research location is 58.16 kg in one day. As a result of the indicators of waste production, in just one month, the waste production reached 1744.80 kg/day if it was not handled at all. Based on the research results, waste management modeling was produced by increasing public awareness, organic waste management using the Anaerobic Digestion Method and inorganic waste management using the recycling method. This modeling shows that the method applied can reduce waste production by up to 0.15%, namely 263.10 kg/day.

The Vitality of Local Communities in Cultural and Environmental Conservation Leeps The Development Of Bukit Ollon as a Lead Tourist Destination in Tana Toraja

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bukit Ollon is located in Ollon, Bonggakaradeng District, Tana Toraja Regency. Toraja Tourism is known for its beautiful panorama, where the charm of the natural beauty of Bukit Ollon combined with the uniqueness of the local culture is a superior value for Ollon, so if estimated, it can provide high income for Tana Toraja tourism. Seeing these advantages, research was conducted related to the cultural vitality of the Ollon community and the community's strategy to respond to the potential environmental degradation that will occur in Ollon and Bukit Ollon due to the increasing number of tourists who will come. The method applied is in-depth interviews and visual observations in the field while implementing strict health protocols. The results found that the current cultural vitality in Ollon is high. The level of degradation found in the Ollon environment is low. The Ollon community can survive with its unique culture, even though there are still cultural relics of ancestors such as Liang Saratu, which are still maintained and are still very rarely visited. With the opening of tourism doors in Ollon to become superior tourism, the whole community is ready to anticipate degradation.

Chemical Properties of Doyo (Curliglia latifolia) Leaf Fibers

Marwanto Marwanto, Nurhaida Nurhaida, Nanang Masruchin — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Local communities widely use natural fibers to fulfill their daily needs. Doyo leaf fibers are fibers used by the people of Kalimantan for clothing and weaving traditional mats. This research analyses the fundamental properties of doyo leaf fibers, including chemical components, functional groups, and crystallinity index. The soluble extractive content of polar solvents was higher than the extractive content of non-polar solvents in doyo leaf fibers. The holocellulose content of doyo leaves is 60.47. The α-cellulose for doyo leaves was 53.51. The lower the α-cellulose yield, the more hemicellulose content dominates the fiber. The FTIR test results also support the chemical component test results. The high alpha cellulose content will affect the fiber’s crystallinity index. Doyo leaf fiber has a degree of crystallinity of 69.77%. Doyo leaf fiber is suggested as the raw material for crystalline nanocellulose.