Comparative Analysis of American and Indonesian Democracies: A Literature Review
Abstract
United States of America and Indonesia have been claimed as two of democratic countries in the world. While Indonesian democracy is considered relatively new, it poses a promising commitment of a full-fledged democracy. The long-time established American political system, on the other hand, has not yet achieved a satisfactory model of democracy. This article aims to observe the strength and the weaknesses of the two democracies using literature reviews in a comparative approach. It is revealed that American and Indonesian democracies still have a long way to become a perfect model of political system. Keywords: Democracy, American democracy, Indonesian democracy.Downloads
References
-------------------- 1989. On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert. A. 2001. How Democracy is the American Constitution. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Diamond, Larry. 1997. “Introduction: In Search of Consolidation” In Larry Diamond, et.al, eds., Consolidating the Third Wave Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Emmerson, Donald. 1995. “Region and Recalcitrance: Rethinking Democracy Through Southeast Asia.” Pacific Review 8(2): 223-48.
Euben, J. P., J. R. Wallach, and J. Ober, eds. 1994. Athenian Political Thought and the Reconstruction of American Democracy. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Fontana, B. 1992. “Democracy and the French Revolution.” In John Dunn. ed. Democracy: the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993. New York: Oxford University Press
Haggard, Stephan and Robert R. Kaufman, 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Henningsen, Manfred. 1989. “Democracy: the Future of a Western Political Formation,” Alternatives 14 (3): 327-42.
Hornblower, Simon. 1992. “Creation and Development of Democratic Institution in Ancient Greece.” In John Dunn. ed. Democracy: the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993. New York: Oxford University Press.
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Karagiannis, Nathalie, and Peter Wagner, eds. Varieties of World-Making: Beyond Globalization. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Linz, Juan J. and Alfred Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
--------------------------------------. 1997. “Toward Consolidated Democracies” in Larry Diamond, Consolidating the Third Wave Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Manicas, Peter T. 1989. War and Democracy. Oxford, UK; New York, US: Basil Blackwell.
Mansen, Mogens H. 2005. The Tradition of Ancient Greek Democracy and Its Importance for Modern Democracy. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters.
O’Donnell, Guillermo and Philippe C. Schmitter, 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Outhwaite, William. 2006. The Future of Society. Malden, USA; Oxford, UK; Carlton, Australia: Balckwell Publishing.
Putnam, Robert D. et.al. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic traditions in Modern Italy Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Siedentop, Larry. 2001. Democracy in Europe. New York: Columbia University Press.
Uhlin, Anders. 1997. Indonesia and the "Third Wave of Democratization": the Indonesian Pro-Democracy Movement in a Changing World. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.
Skinner, Q. 1992. “The Italian City-Republics.” In John Dunn. ed. Democracy: the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993. New York: Oxford University Press.
Weber, Max. 2001. Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parsons and introduced by Anthony Giddens. London and New York: Routledge Classic.
Whitehead, Laurence. 2002. Democratization : Theory and Experience. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Wootton, D. 1994. “The Levellers.” In John Dunn. ed. Democracy: the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zakaria, Fareed. 1997. “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy,” Foreign Affairs 76(6): 22–43
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Open Access Principles- The Journal of Society and Governance (JSG) is committed to real and immediate open access for academic work. All of the JSG’s articles and reviews are free to access immediately from the date of publication.
- There are no author charges prior to publication, and no charge for any reader to download articles and reviews for their own scholarly use.
- The JSG does not, therefore, operate either a Gold or Green model of open access, but is free to all at any time and in perpetuity.
- To maintain the Open and Free access, the JSG depends upon the financial support provided by the Faculty of Social and Political Science, Hasanuddin University, the goodwill of its editorial team and advisory board, and the continuing support of its network of peer reviewers.
Licensing
A Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-ND 4.0) license applies to all contents published in JSG. While articles published on JSG can be copied by anyone for noncommercial purposes if proper credit is given, all materials are published under an open-access license with authors retaining full and permanent ownership of their work. JSG retains a perpetual, non-exclusive right to publish the work and to include it in other aggregations and indexes to achieve broader impact and visibility.
Authors are responsible for and required to ascertain that they are in possession of image rights for any and all photographs, illustrations, and figures included in their work or to obtain publication or reproduction rights from the rights holders.
Contents of the journal will be registered with the Directory of Open Access Journals and similar repositories. In submitting their work for publication in JSG, authors agree to the terms set above. Authors are free and encouraged to store their work elsewhere, for instance in institutional repositories or websites such as academia.edu, researchgate.com, mendeley.com, etc., to increase circulation (see The Effects of Open Access). Authors are also able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. JSG does not charge any reprint fees and it is not necessary to contact JSG for permission.
