Implementasi Prinsip Akuntabilitas Publik dan Kaitannya Dengan Reformasi Birokrasi di Sumatera Barat
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Submitted
19 March 2016
Published
21 July 2015
Keywords:
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Akuntabilitas, Reformasi Birokrasi, Manajemen Publik Baru
Abstract
Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan prinsip akuntabilitas publik dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Akuntabilitas publik merupakan prinsip dasar dalam pelaksanaan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik dan juga berimplikasi pada prinsip transparansi, efektifitas, efisiensi dan partisipasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akuntabilitas publik dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan belum dilaksanakan dengan baik dengan melihat pada indikator manajemen keuangan, manajemen respons dan kekuatan institusi. Inilah aspek penting yang harus diperbaiki melalui agenda reformasi birokrasi yang sekarang dilaksanakan pemerintah daerah, khususnya di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan indikator penting yang dapat membantu pemerintah daerah memperbaiki prinsip akuntabilitas ini adalah kesediaan berubah untuk menjadi lebih baik. Inilah dasar reformasi birokrasi yang sekarang dilaksanakan. Namun, dalam proses reformasi birokrasi tersebut Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Barat dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Tanah Datar justru hanya menguatkan aspek kelembagaan dan pengaturan tanpa melihat kebutuhan masyarakat yang berkembang. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan pemerintah daerah cenderung menggunakan paradigma administrasi publik lama ketimbang paradigma manajemen publik baru. Kata kunci : Akuntabilitas, Reformasi Birokrasi Dan Manajemen Publik BaruAbstract : This study aims to investigate the implementation of the principle of public accountability in local governance. Public accountability is a basic principle in the implementation of good governance and also has implications for the principle of transparency, effectiveness, efficiency and participation. This study found that public accountability in governance has not been implemented properly by looking at the indicators of financial management, response management and the strength of the institution. These factors are important aspects that should be improved through bureaucratic reform agenda in which has been implemented by local government, especially at provincial and district levels. In addition, the study also found the degree of willingness of local governments to change for the better system can improve the accountability principle. This is the basis of bureaucratic reform is now implemented. However, in the process of bureaucratic reform which was conducted by the West Sumatra Provincial Government and the Regency of Tanah Datar only strengthen the institutional aspects and settings but ignore the expectations of the community. This study concluded local governments tend to use the old paradigm of public administration rather than new public management paradigmKey words : Accountability, Bureaucracy Reform, New Public Management
References
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Demmers, J., Jilberto, A.E.F & Hogenboom, B. 2004. Good governance and democracy in a world of neoliberal regimes. In Jolle Demers, Alex E Fernandez Jilberto & Barbara Hogenboom (Eds.). Good governance in the era of global neoliberalisation: conflict and depolitisation in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa, hal. 1-37. London: Routledge.
Denhardt, J. V & Denhardt, R.B. 2004. The new public service: serving, not steering. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Dent, M & Barry, J. 2004. New public management and profession in UK: reconfiguring control?. In Mike Dent, John Chandler & Jim Barry (Eds.). Questioning new public management, hal. 7-22. England: Ashgate Publishing.
Dwiyanto, A., Partini, Ratminto, Wicaksono, B., Tamtiari, W., Kusumasari, B. & Nuh, M. 2006. Reformasi Birokrasi Publik di Indonesia. Cetakan ke-2. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Helden, G.J.V & Jansen, P. 2003. New public management in Dutch local government. Local Government Studies, 29(2):68-88.
Hidayat, L.M. 2007. Reformasi Administrasi: Kajian Comparatif Pemerintahan Tiga Presiden. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Leach, R. & Percy-Smith. 2001. Local governance in Britain. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave.
Osborne, D. & Gaebler, T. 1992. Reinventing government. Reading, MA: Adisson-Wesley.
Peters, B. G. & Pierre, J. 1998. Governance without government? rethinking public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(2): 223-243.
Przeworski, A., Stokes, S.C & Manin, B (Eds.). 1999. Democracy, accountability, and representation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ratnawati, T. 2006. Potret pemerintahan lokal di Indonesia di masa perubahan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Rondinelli, D. A., & Cheema, G. S. 1983. Implementing decentralization policies: an introduction. Dlm. G. S. Cheema & D. A. Rondinelli (pnyt.), Decentralization and development: policy implementation in developing countries, hlm. 9-34, London: Sage Publication.
Stoker, G. 1998 Governance as theory: five propositions. International Social Science Journal, 50(1): 17-28.
Strauss, A.L. & Corbin, J. 1998. Basics of qualitative research techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. USA: Sage Pub.
Synnerstrom, S. 2007. The civil service: towards efficiency, effectiveness and honesty. In Ross H. McLeod & Andrew MacIntyre (Eds). Indonesia democracy and the promise of good governance, 159-177. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Turner & Mark, 1997. Governance, administration and development: making the state work. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.
UNDP. 1997. Governance for sustainable human development. UNDP Policy Paper. New York: UNDP.
Wampler,B. 2004. Expanding accountability through participatory institutions: mayors, citizens, and budgeting in three Brazilian municipalities. Latin American Politics and Society, 46(2): 73-99.
Weber, M. 1964. The Theory of Social Economic Organization. Terj. A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons. New York: Free Press.
Authors
Rizal, Y. (2015). Implementasi Prinsip Akuntabilitas Publik dan Kaitannya Dengan Reformasi Birokrasi di Sumatera Barat. JAKPP (Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan & Pelayanan Publik), 1(1), 17-39. https://doi.org/10.31947/jakpp.v1i1.46
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